Filed under: Freedom

Wait a minute – Radical responsibility

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Last Sunday, YouGov conducted a survey, incorporation with The Danish Heart Foundation, regarding the Danish attitude towards smoking in cars where children are present. To my surprise, the survey showed that three out of four where in favor of a legislation that would make it illegal for anyone to some in a car where children is present. I am not astounded that people in Denmark are opposed to the idea of children exposed to second-hand smoking, I where astounded that people believe that we need a law, where common sense where suppose to be applied. But why is it, that it seems we in society now feels the need to regulate even the most basic social interactions?

In the summer of 1989, Francis Fukuyama wrote a famous article titled “The End of History?” In the magazine ‘The National Interest’. In this article he is questioning if history it self is dead, or more exactly if history has lost it’s meaning for sociality today, in the same way as had God lost his meaning when Nietzsche declared him dead in 1885. If Fukuyama is right and history has lost its meaning then one of the implication of such an event, would be a radical liberation of human kind. Because if history has lost its meaning then neither culture nor tradition would be able to dictate what is right what is wrong, nor what is good, or what is bad. And without any authoritarian source the individual can only make those judgments in the moment, despite any previous or further judgments. This is what I would call a radical freedom. But, freedom and judgment also require responsibility, for without responsibility freedom, and judgment becomes pointless. Therefor it would also reasonable to say that radical freedom requires radical responsibility.

History is full with examples of human societies that have rebelled against authoritarian source, in the pursuit of freedom, and every time society have naturally moved towards a new authoritarian source to replace the old and discarded one. So it seems that humans have some difficulties managing the responsibilities that comes with freedom, and therefor goes looking for a new authoritarian source that can provide then with answers to what is right and wrong, good, and bad. This would also explain why it is that we today see a higher and higher cry for more and more regulation of even the most private and basic social interactions. We do not trust our neighbors to be able to make the right judgment.

But, what is the alternative if we, as humans, cannot manage the responsibilities, and we will rebel against the next authoritarian source? The only logical solution would be to become the authoritarian source. But not in the sense of classical liberalism where individual is responsible for him or her own life, but to let one's voice be heard, and proclaim what is right and wrong, and what is good, and bad. So instead of asking the legislators to regulate your neighbor, YOU should walk over to him and tell him that smoking in the car with his child next to him, is wrong.

Wait a minute – Is there a distinction between freedom and liberty?

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First, I wanted to call this post, ‘What is the distinction between freedom and liberty’ – but as I started to think about it a better question seems to be is there a distinction? There is not much help to get from the Oxford dictionary since it defines liberty as: “the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one’s behaviour or political views.” And freedom is: “the power of self-determination attributed to the will; the quality of being independent of fate or necessity.” Judging by those two definitions if there is a distinction between freedom and liberty it seems to be a semantic one.

But, I am not satisfied, so lets look beyond the words themselves. Freedom consists of the word free with the abstract suffix ‘-dom’ indicating that is it a state that an individual is or is not in. This means that a given individual is either in a state of freedom or not meaning, I would argue, that freedom requires an active act of judgment in a given situation to determine if that individual is free or not. Since the individual can preform this active act it would stand to reason that the individual should actively claim his or her freedom, given that there is no external force hindering this. Based on this argumentation I am of the conviction that freedom is something that the individual needs to claim.

Now lets deliberate liberty. Liberty comes from the Greek word eleutheros. A ruff translation would be ‘belonging to the people’. We cannot be sure about this translation, but if this translation is correct then liberty is something that belongs to all freemen/people, and therefor we have a strong argumentation for the philosophical concept liberty being a natural right, something that all individuals have, because they are alive. Philosophers like Hegel and others have determents those rights as being an inalienable, meaning that the individual cannot discard those rights. The consequence of this is that Liberty, unlike Freedom, does not require an active act on behalf of the individual meaning that liberty should be contemplated to be passive.

This leads me to conclude that there is a distinction between freedom and liberty; freedom is something that requires the individual to make an active choice where liberty is a passive right that is granted to the individual because he or she exists.

For a more inept etymological argument, I can recommend Joseph R. Stromberg - Freedom vs. Liberty